Outer Solar System

Europa: Sulfates and Landing Sites

April 15, 2013

Last week’s post about the chemistry of Europa’s ocean is nicely complemented by new work on the moon’s interior by Brad Dalton (JPL) and colleagues. Like JPL’s Kevin Hand, who has been looking at the role of hydrogen peroxide in possible subsurface life there, Dalton is in the hunt for ways to learn more about [...]

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The Chemistry of Europa’s Ocean

April 9, 2013

The news that hydrogen peroxide is found across much of the surface of Europa is intriguing. The global ocean beneath the moon’s icy crust would turn hydrogen peroxide into oxygen, assuming there is some mixing between the surface and the ocean. We don’t know if that mixing occurs, but if it does, then we may [...]

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Into Europa’s Ocean

March 6, 2013

Europa continues to fascinate us with the possibility of a global ocean some 100 kilometers deep, a vast body containing two to three times the volume of all the liquid water on Earth. The big question has always been how thick the icy crust over this ocean might be, and we’ve looked closely at Richard [...]

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Looking Back from Deep Space

February 25, 2013

It’s reasonable to call the two Voyager spacecraft our first interstellar probes, in the sense that they are approaching the heliopause and are still transmitting data. Long before controllers shut them down — which should occur somewhere in the 2020s — Voyager 1 will have left the Solar System and we’ll have data on what [...]

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Resources Between the Stars

February 20, 2013

Yesterday we looked at the possibility of colonizing worlds much different from the Earth. Seen in one light, pushing out into the Kuiper Belt and building settlements there is part of a slow migration to the stars that may occur without necessarily being driven by that purpose. Seen in another, experimenting with human settlements in [...]

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Titan: A Vast, Subsurface Ocean?

December 14, 2012

Yesterday’s look at a major river on Titan took on a decidedly science fictional cast, but then Titan has always encouraged writers to speculate. Asimov’s “First Law” (1956) tackles a storm on Titan as a way of dealing with the Three Laws of Robotics. Arthur C. Clarke filled Titan with a large human colony in [...]

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Titan’s Big River (and Thoughts of Jules Verne)

December 13, 2012

One of the wonderful things about daily writing is that I so often wind up in places I wouldn’t have anticipated. Today’s topic includes the discovery of a long river valley on Titan that some are comparing to the Nile, for reasons we’ll examine below. But the thought of rivers on objects near Saturn invariably [...]

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Tracking Changes in Titan’s Atmosphere

November 29, 2012

Even as New Horizons continues to push toward Pluto, now just past the halfway point between the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, we’re continuing to get excellent data from the much closer Cassini spacecraft around Saturn. Cassini’s composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) is probing the circulation and chemistry of Titan’s atmosphere, tracking how gases like benzene [...]

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Makemake and the Naming of Names

November 26, 2012

Now that we have vast numbers of Kuiper Belt Objects assumed to be orbiting outside the orbit of Neptune, not to mention possible Oort Cloud interlopers (Sedna may be one of these), the question of names gets ever more interesting. Great entertainment awaits, as witness the KBO known as 2005 FY9. Discovered not long after [...]

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Titan Exploration Options

October 8, 2012

One of the challenges of running a site like Centauri Dreams is that deep space news accumulates so swiftly that it’s easy to focus on one issue while another timely story slips away. I don’t want to get too far past the European Planetary Science Congress, which ended in Madrid on September 28, without mentioning [...]

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